（24-25高二下·云南昆明·阶段练习）Every human decision brings with it unintended consequences. When Airbus, for example, wanted to make its planes quieter to improve the flying experience for travelers, it made its A380so quiet that passengers could hear what was happening in the plane’s bathrooms. No one ever set out to make bathroom noises more obvious on airplanes. Sometimes we try to fix a problem, only to make things worse. This unintended consequence happens so often that economists call this “Cobra (眼镜蛇) Effect”, after one of the most interesting examples.
The term “Cobra Effect” originated during the time of the British rule of colonial (殖民地的) India. The British government wanted to tackle the worrying number of dangerous cobra snakes in Delhi. Its strategy was to offer a reward for every dead cobra. At first, many rewards were claimed and the number of cobra snakes spotted in Delhi started to decrease. However, the number of dead cobra snakes presented to the government for the reward kept on rising. Why? As it turned out, enterprising people had started breeding cobra snakes to get the reward. The government had to stop offering the reward for dead cobra snakes. As a result, the cobra breeders set the now worthless animals free, increasing the cobra population in Delhi.
Too often in both business and life, we tend to try to solve problems as quickly. We hurriedly install a new policy, offer a shiny motivational way, add just one more step to the production process, cut price to get the deal, or reduce quality to save costs. But these duct-tape solutions rarely stand the test of time. Rushed fixes often backfire, producing a longer route to success rather than a shortcut.
The main way to avoid the Cobra Effect is to keep away from linear thinking — when our thinking proceeds in a sequential manner. Because a straight line between two points is the most efficient way to get from one place to another, linear thinking feels like the most direct way to solve a problem. But it’s often not the right way.
103．Why does the author mention Airbus’s A380 in Paragraph 1?
A．To introduce a definition in a humorous way.
B．To share an interesting personal experience.
C．To explain the importance of the Cobra Effect in detail.
D．To present Airbus’s development through a historical example.
104．What was the consequence of the British government’s reward policy?
A．It led to the extinction of cobra in India.
B．It improved the local environment at first.
C．People in India led a much richer life.
D．People began to feed cobra for profits.
105．What does the underlined word “duct-tape” probably refer to in Paragraph 3?
A．Based on facts and objectives.
B．Without long-term planning.
C．Cheap and more eco-friendly.
D．Bringing continuous benefits.
106．What advice does the author try to offer?
A．Think twice before acting.
B．Two heads are better than one.
C．No man is born wise or learned.
D．When in Rome, do as the Romans do.
【答案】103．A 104．D 105．B 106．A
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
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