（24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习）Nations with large amounts of wind and solar in their power grids (电网) are particularly exposed to rising energy bills due to sharp increases in the gas price. The relationship between decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial (有争议的) issue as governments consider clean energy strategies, but an analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate.
Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years, but these power sources are intermittent, generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless.
Gas power plants, which can be switched on and off relatively easily, are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low. But gas is often the most expensive source of power, and electricity market rules mean the most expensive generator sets the price for the entire market.
Raúl Bajo-Buenestado at the University of Navarra and his colleagues found nations with more wind and solar in their power systems were more vulnerable (易受影响) to natural gas price shocks. Spain, for example, has large volumes of solar power and is particularly sensitive to power price changes. “If you have natural gas, wind and solar, this is going to make the perfect cocktail for you to be vulnerable,” says Bajo-Buenestado.
It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is the issue. Bajo-Buenestado points out that other nations with low-carbon power grids, such as Norway and France, rely on hydropower and nuclear technology, which are reliable generators. “We don’t see a clear correlation between decarbonisation and sensitivity to natural gas price changes,” he says.
Solving the problem will require nations to replace gas as the back-up fuel of choice. One answer is for grid operators to push the power system to become better able to absorb peaks and valleys in generation. “The underlying message is that getting a flexible system is now as important as building renewables,” says Michael Grubb at University College London.
121．What does the controversial issue in the first paragraph refer to?
A．How rising gas prices will affect power grids.
B．Which countries may face higher energy bills.
C．What should be included in clean energy strategies.
D．Whether carbon cuts are linked to varying power prices.
122．What does the underlined word “intermittent” in paragraph 2 probably mean?
A．Faulty. B．Costly. C．Unstable. D．Inefficient.
123．Why is natural gas still needed in high-renewable-energy systems?
A．It helps lower energy costs. B．It can quickly fill gaps in supply.
C．It ensures consistent market prices. D．It is a key driver of energy innovation.
124．What might be an ideal combination of power sources?
A．Solar and gas. B．Nuclear and gas. C．Solar and wind. D．Nuclear and wind.
【答案】121．D 122．C 123．B 124．D
【知识点】科学技术 、社会问题与社会现象、说明文
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