（海南省2024-2025学年高三下学期学业水平诊断（五）英语试题（含听力））Tiny bits of plastic, called micro plastics, pollute the air and our food. Plastic bits have been found everywhere from our bodies to a dolphin’s breath. That’s why scientists keep looking for ways to handle them. Now, they’ve discovered a new strategy.
Bacteria (细菌) common in wastewater can break down a type of plastic — PET. That finding could inform new ways to clean up PET pollution. Scientists have long known Comamonas, a kind of microbe (微生物), grow on plastics in water. That got Ludmilla Aristilde,a biochemist, wondering if the microbes use PET as food.
PET is the world’s most widely used plastic. Some 56 million tons of it is made each year — mostly for polyester clothing, water and soda bottles, and the packaging of many store-bought goods. That leads to a lot of PET pollution. Tiny pieces of PET come out of polyester clothes when they’re washed — and flow through water treatment plants into waterways. Bits of PET also get into waterways as plastic bottles and other PET packaging break down in the environment.
In past work, Aristilde discovered that one strain of Comamonas could break down rings of carbon atoms in laundry detergent (洗涤剂). Those carbon rings, she notes, were similar to the ones found in plastics. Here was a clue that the microbes may be able to break down PET as well.
Aristilde’s team grew Comamonas in the lab recently. Then they placed the microbes in a liquid-filled container for a month with tiny bits of PET. Afterward, they looked at the surface of the plastic with a special scanning microscope, which can create very detailed images of surfaces. The team found nanoparticles (纳米颗粒) of PET now floated in the water. At the end of the month, more than three times as many nano bits were in the water as before. This showed that the bacteria had been decompounding the PET. The bacteria also multiplied faster when they had PET available. That suggests they were using carbon molecules from the plastic bits as food.
Ren Wei, a biochemist, says the tiny organisms eat super tiny amounts of plastic. He adds that the rate at which they consume PET is far too slow to remove much of the vast amounts that enter the environment each year.
185．Why is a dolphin’s breath mentioned in paragraph 1?
A．To show plastic pollution is a widespread problem.
B．To display the harmful effect of micro plastics on sea creatures.
C．To prove micro plastics can exist in wastewater for a long time.
D．To illustrate the strong ability of dolphins to detect micro plastics.
186．What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A．Wide uses of PET in life. B．Basic functions of PET.
C．Various sources of PET pollution. D．Main characteristics of PET pollution.
187．What does the underlined word “decompounding” in paragraph 5 probably mean?
A．Taking over. B．Searching for. C．Sheltering from. D．Breaking apart.
188．What’s Ren Wei’s attitude to using the microbe to clean up PET pollution?
A．Unclear. B．Doubtful. C．Positive. D．Unconcerned.
【答案】185．A 186．C 187．D 188．B
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
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