（24-25高二下·江苏徐州·期中）Beneath the quiet surface of a forest lies a busy network scientists call the “Wood Wide Web.” Far from being isolated (孤立的) individuals, trees communicate, share resources, and even send warnings through an underground system of fungi (真菌).
The key players in this hidden conversation are mycorrhizal fungi (菌根真菌). These thread-like organisms connect tree roots, forming vast networks. Research from the University of British Columbia reveals that up to 90% of land plants depend on these fungi. Through this interdependent relationship, trees exchange nutrients like carbon and nitrogen. Older “mother trees” often act as hubs, sending extra sugars to younger saplings struggling in shaded areas — a phenomenon called “forest family connections.”
When under attack, trees release chemical signals. A 2023 study in Nature Ecology & Evolution demonstrate that acacia trees bitten by giraffes produce ethylene (乙烯) gas. Nearby trees pick up these chemical signals from the air within minutes and increase tannin (鞣酸) production, making their leaves bitter and less tasty. Similarly, pine trees attacked by beetles send out warning signals through fungal networks, pushing neighbors to boost defensive resins (树脂).
Not all interactions are cooperative. Some plants, like the ghost orchid (兰花), hack the network to steal nutrients om nearby trees without offering anything in return. Other species, such as black walnut trees, release toxins(毒素) to restrain competitors — a strategy called “biological warfare” by ecologists.
Understanding this “social network” challenges traditional views of forests. Logging dominant mother trees can collapse entire ecosystems, much like removing servers from the internet. Scientists now advocate for selective cutting practices that preserve fungal networks, ensuring forests’ resilience (适应力) against climate change.
As author Peter Wohlleben notes in The Hidden Life of Trees, “Forests are super-organisms with intelligence we’re just beginning to decode.” This silent dialogue beneath our feet reminds us that nature’s deepest conversations often happen without a single word.
137．What method do acacia trees use to warn nearby trees of giraffe feeding?
A．Transmitting electrical signals through roots.
B．Releasing a warning gas into the air.
C．Increasing sugar distribution via fungal networks.
D．Producing defensive resins in bark.
138．What does “biological warfare” refer to in paragraph 4?
A．Using chemicals to kill insects. B．Fighting for sunlight through height.
C．Releasing poisons to contain competitors. D．Stealing nutrients via underground roots.
139．Why should mother trees be preserved according to scientists?
A．They maintain ecosystem stability.
B．They support younger trees with nutrients.
C．They connect the forest’s fungal network.
D．They help forests resist climate change.
140．Which title best summarizes the article’s main idea?
A．Amazing Tree Growth Speed Records B．New Discoveries About Forest Animals
C．Dangerous Chemicals in Forest Plants D．Underground Communication Among Trees
【答案】137．B 138．C 139．A 140．D
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、植物
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