
(2025·安徽合肥·三模)Electric vehicles (EV) are a key component of the global shift toward sustainable energy, but a new study highlights a significant challenge: the refining (提纯) of critical minerals for EV batteries could lead to pollution hotspots near manufacturing centers.
The study reveals that fully domesticating the supply chains for EV production could drive national sulfur dioxide (SO₂) emissions up by as much as 20% compared to current levels. Most of these emissions would stem from the refining and production of nickel and cobalt (镍和钴), essential materials for modern EV batteries.
The researchers argued that if left unaddressed, pollution from battery manufacturing will become an increasingly global challenge as EV adoption rates rise. Even if some countries were to outsource battery manufacturing, without strategies to reduce SO₂ emissions, they would simply be offloading the problem to another country.
For countries like India who is in the early stages of supply chain development, the lowest-hanging fruit would be to focus first on cleaning up pollution from the power sector. This would require enforcing stricter SO₂ pollution control measures for thermal power plants, using mature technologies like flue-gas desulfurization. For others, which already have strict emissions control s for the power sector, the focus needs to shift to mitigating SO₂ emissions from the battery manufacturing process.
In addition to their policy recommendation for proactive air pollution standards, which would likely happen at the national or subnational level, the researchers also examined how changing the battery chemistry in EV could avoid unwanted SO₂ emissions at a more global scale. While most EV batteries today rely on cobalt and nickel, the rise of alternative chemistries that use iron and phosphate (磷酸铁锂电池) could circumvent some of the concerns associated with mining and refining nickel and cobalt.
In all events, the findings serve as a reminder to keep people at the top of mind when designing decarbonization plans, as even the most promising technologies could come with unwanted and unintended consequences.
50.Why does the author write the text?
A.To compare different types of EV batteries.
B.To warn about the pollution risk from EV batteries.
C.To call for global cooperation in EV development.
D.To explain why EV development has slowed down.
51.What would happen if EV battery manufacturing were fully domestic?
A.It would promote the national economy.
B.It would speed up EV battery production.
C.It would boost nickel and cobalt refining.
D.It would cause more domestic SO₂ emissions.
52.Why does the author mention India in the passage?
A.To criticize India's current emission control measures.
B.To suggest that developing countries face pollution risks.
C.To show that countries need tailored pollution strategies.
D.To illustrate India's progress in supply chain development.
53.How does the author feel about promising green technologies like EVs?
A.Cautiously optimistic about their future.
B.Fully confident in their economic benefits.
C.Disappointed in their environmental impact.
D.Deeply alarmed by their potential side effects.
【答案】50.B 51.D 52.C 53.A
【知识点】环境污染
、社会问题与社会现象
、说明文
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