（2025届陕西省山西省宁夏青海省四省高三下学期第二次模拟考试英语试题）Some great apes (猿) realize when a human partner doesn’t know something and are capable of communicating information to him to change his behavior, a new study shows. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University studying a species of apes, bonobos, found that they would point to where treats were hidden if they saw their human partner didn’t know where they were.
Working with three male bonobos, study co-author Luke Townrow would sit across a table from one of the animals as another person placed a treat under one of three cups. In some cases, Townrow would be allowed to see which cup the treat was under, and the bonobo would wait for him to pass it the food. At other times, he would not be able to see where the treat was, and the bonobo would point to the right cup to help him find the food. The seemingly simple experiment demonstrated for the first time that apes will communicate unknown information in the name of teamwork.
Chris Krupenye, another co-author, said that the study “is one of the clearest pieces of evidence that a non-human primate (灵长类动物) understands when someone else is ignorant.” This ability to discover gaps in others’ knowledge is known as theory of mind. “As humans, we have theory of mind,” Krupenye said. “It’s a key feature of human psychology,” he added, explaining that it allows us to cooperate with each other and teach people things that we understand they do not know.
Theory of mind has previously been considered unique to humans, but the study shows that bonobos share this capability. “The evidence we have is a good indication that they do have theory of mind,” said Krupenye.
The team plans to explore the bonobos’ motivations for sharing information and the way that they think about other individuals’ minds. “What we’ve shown here is that apes will communicate with a partner to change their behavior,” Townrow said, “but a key open question for further research is whether apes are also pointing to change their partner’s mental state or their beliefs.”
271．What can be learned about the experiment?
A．The number of cups wasn’t fixed.
B．The bonobos fixed their attention on the treat.
C．The researchers guided the bonobos to find the treat.
D．The bonobos got rewards for sharing information with the researchers.
272．Which of the following can be defined as “theory of mind”?
A．Completing complex tasks. B．Understanding others’ views.
C．Hiding one’s true feelings. D．Communicating with animals.
273．What is the next target for the researchers in their study?
A．The bonobos’ motivations to find the treat.
B．The bonobos’ method of delivering messages.
C．The bonobos’ way of perceiving others’ minds.
D．The bonobos’ differences from humans.
274．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Apes Can Recognize Ignorance in Humans
B．Bonobos Have Mastered Teamwork in the Wild
C．Primates Can Be Taught to Read Human Minds
D．Apes Prove Themselves to Be Better Partners
【答案】271．B 272．B 273．C 274．A
【知识点】动物、科普知识 、说明文
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