（2025届湖北省高中名校联盟高三下学期第四次联合测评英语试题）Scientists have discovered that many animals, including hermit crabs, rats, and fish, have distinct personalities. These animals show consistent behavioral differences over time and in various situations, just like dogs and cats, as pet owners know.
But how do social situations affect individual personalities? University of Bristol biologist Christos C． Loannou and his colleagues sought to find out by turning to a small fish called the three-spined stickleback, which inhabits mildly salty coastal water throughout the Northern Hemisphere. “They’re found both as individuals and in social groups in the wild,” making them perfect for personality assessments across different settings, Loannou says.
The researchers took 80 fish and placed each under a protective cover at one end of a tank, with food at the opposite end. Crossing the tank to feed would seem risky to the sticklebacks because open water typically exposes them to the threat of danger.
The researchers studied them over several days, observing that braver fish quickly left their shelter to get food, while shyer ones took longer to emerge and swam across the tank more cautiously. However, when 10 fish were placed together under a cover, individual personalities disappeared, with the braver fish acting as group leaders, waiting for others to catch up. “The first individuals come out quickly but wait when they realize they’re not being followed,” Loannou explains. However, when separated from the group, the fish returned to their original behaviors. These results, showing how group dynamics influence individual characteristics, were published in Science Advances in September.
The new findings suggest that group dynamics restrict individual personalities, and the researchers say it is the first time that such restriction has been clearly linked to an underlying cause: the need to conform when faced with a risky decision.
Animal personality researchers have historically focused on individuals while ignoring group behavior, and collective behavior researchers have focused on groups while downplaying individual differences, according to University of St Andrews animal behavior researcher Mike Webster, who was not involved. “This study brings those two research streams together,” showing that animal personalities are flexible yet consistent, he says.
275．What made sticklebacks chosen for the study?
A．Coastal habitat. B．Safety awareness.
C．Strong individuality. D．Social flexibility.
276．Which best describes the impact of group dynamics on individual personalities?
A．Predictable. B．Temporary.
C．Immediate. D．Slight.
277．What does the underlined word “conform” mean in paragraph 5?
A．Control. B．Choose. C．Follow. D．Escape.
278．What can we infer about the research from the last paragraph?
A．It fills a gap in animal behavior research.
B．It reveals the role of animal group behavior.
C．It challenges adaptable animal personalities.
D．It proves animal personalities disappear in groups.
【答案】275．D 276．B 277．C 278．A
【知识点】动物、科普知识 、说明文
该题有详细解析可以查阅1、本网站所提供的信息，只供教育教学参考之用。
2、本网站及其会员一概毋须以任何方式就任何信息传递或传送的失误、不准确或错误对用户或任何其他人士负任何直接或间接的责任。
3、在法律允许的范围内，本网站在此声明,不承担用户或任何人士就使用或未能使用本网站所提供的信息或任何链接或项目所引致的任何直接、间接、附带、从属、特殊、惩罚性或惩戒性的损害赔偿。
4、访问者在从事与本网站相关的所有行为(包括但不限于访问浏览、利用、转载、宣传介绍)时，必须以善意且谨慎的态度行事；访问者不得故意或者过失的损害本网站的各类合法权益，不得利用本网站以任何方式直接或者间接的从事违反中华人民共和国法律、国际公约以及社会公德的行为。对于访问者利用本网站提供的信息而作出的任何决策、决定以及其后果，本网站不承担任何责任
5、本网站图片，文字之类版权，本网站无法鉴别所上传图片或文字的知识版权，如果侵犯，请及时通知我们，本网站将在第一时间及时删除。
6、凡以任何方式登录本网站或直接、间接使用本网站资料者，视为自愿接受本网站声明的约束。
XueXi Design
