（2025·江苏南京·二模）A father told his son that he should not accept the Theory of Evolution just because he leaned about it in Biology class at school. He went on to say that he is teaching his son to think critically. But he isn’t.
Many people assume that critical thinking refers to questioning and criticizing in the more negative sense of the word. If they are rejecting what they are told by experts, they falsely believe that they are thinking critically. This is not uncommon. Many people claim that everything is just someone’s opinion and no one is actually right or wrong. They believe they are thinking critically when they’re actually doing the very opposite.
There are many definitions of critical thinking. To put simply, it refers to identifying and evaluating arguments, finding inconsistencies in arguments, problem solving, and thinking about our own beliefs and why we hold them.
Diane Halpern, author of Thought &Knowledge, uses this definition:“Critical thinkers are able to change their mind or the conclusion that they reached, when new information warrants such a change.”
A closed-minded person responds negatively when presented with new ideas that challenge their existing beliefs. These are the people who insist that even an expert's opinion is no better than anyone else’s. In contrast, an open-minded person suspends judgment. They seek out more information, including information that goes against beliefs they currently hold. They review the evidence that’s available and are always open to new ways of thinking. They consider all options and insist on finding a solution.
So you need to ask questions and be open-minded about the answers. You need to know how to do research and look for reliable sources. You have to think about your own thinking and question why you hold the beliefs you do. Be aware of the pre-set ideas you bring to the argument, and learn to evaluate evidence.
52．Why does the author mention the father-son example in paragraph 1?
A．To promote the practice of critical thinking.
B．To criticize the current education system.
C．To present a widespread misconception.
D．To introduce an innovative idea.
53．What does the underlined word “warrants” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Justifies. B．Matches. C．Transforms. D．Identifies.
54．How are open-minded people different from the closed-minded?
A．They respect expert authority. B．They internalize their own beliefs.
C．They keep an option-solution balance. D．They resist the urge to judge prematurely.
55．What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
A．How to evaluate evidence. B．The process of critical thinking.
C．How to become a critical thinker. D．The benefits of being open-minded.
【答案】52．C 53．A 54．D 55．C
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
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