（24-25高三下·河南·阶段练习）As humans, we can think about what other people are thinking, and understand that their ideas might be different from ours. Scientists call this “theory of mind” — a significant part of human success. An important question is whether animals can do the same. A recent experiment suggests that bonobo apes (倭黑猩猩) may share this ability.
Bonobos are very intelligent apes. They have been taught to communicate using signs or symbols. They’re also known for being friendly, and often solve problems by working together.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for researchers at Johns Hopkins University to study. They came up with a clever experiment. In the experiment, scientist Luke Townrow sat across a table from a bonobo. Another scientist hid a small snack, like a grape, under one of three cups that were turned upside down on the table. The bonobo was always able to watch the snack being hidden. But half of the time, Mr. Townrow wasn’t able to see which cup the snack was hidden under.
The researchers wanted to see if the bonobos acted differently when they knew that Mr. Townrow didn’t know where the snack was hidden. Once the treat was hidden, Mr. Townrow always acted the same. He would look at the cups and say, “Hmm, where is the grape?” And he would wait for 10 seconds, giving the bonobos time to respond.
The results showed that when Mr. Townrow hadn’t seen where the snack was hidden, the bonobo pointed to the cup with the hidden treat more quickly, and much more often. The animal seemed to be able to think about what Mr. Townrow knew and understand that Mr. Townrow didn’t know something that he did.
The experiment wasn’t consummate. Some scientists have pointed out that the bonobo grew up around humans, and might not represent wild bonobos. Still, the results show that the bonobos have a “theory of mind”. They have the ability to think about what others are thinking, and can change their behavior to communicate when someone is missing important information.
145．Why are bonobos chosen for the research?
A．They can solve problems on their own. B．They are good-natured and cooperative.
C．They can communicate like humans. D．They are the most intelligent apes.
146．What did the researchers at Johns Hopkins University do in their experiment?
A．They observed how bonobos solve problems.
B．They taught bonobos to use signs or symbols.
C．They studied how bonobos think by hiding a snack.
D．They tested bonobos’ ability to understand human emotions.
147．What can be inferred about bonobos from the experiment?
A．They rely on human gestures to obtain food.
B．They respond differently based on information missing.
C．They are less cooperative than previously believed.
D．They are fascinated to analyze human intentions.
148．What does the underlined word “consummate” mean in the last paragraph?
A．Perfect. B．Straightforward. C．Dynamic. D．Suitable.
【答案】145．B 146．C 147．B 148．A
【知识点】说明文、动物
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