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24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习)Nations with large amounts of wind and solar in their power grids (电网) are particularly exposed to rising energy bills due to sharp increases in the gas price. The relationship between decarbonisation and swings in prices has been a controversial (有争议的) issue as governments consider clean energy strategies, but an analysis of power prices has now provided evidence to inform the debate.

Vast quantities of wind and solar capacity have been introduced across Europe in recent years, but these power sources are intermittent, generating electricity only when winds blow or the sky is cloudless.

Gas power plants, which can be switched on and off relatively easily, are frequently relied on to provide power when renewable generation is low. But gas is often the most expensive source of power, and electricity market rules mean the most expensive generator sets the price for the entire market.

Raúl Bajo-Buenestado at the University of Navarra and his colleagues found nations with more wind and solar in their power systems were more vulnerable (易受影响) to natural gas price shocks. Spain, for example, has large volumes of solar power and is particularly sensitive to power price changes. “If you have natural gas, wind and solar, this is going to make the perfect cocktail for you to be vulnerable,” says Bajo-Buenestado.

It is the need for flexible generation alongside wind and solar that is the issue. Bajo-Buenestado points out that other nations with low-carbon power grids, such as Norway and France, rely on hydropower and nuclear technology, which are reliable generators. “We don’t see a clear correlation between decarbonisation and sensitivity to natural gas price changes,” he says.

Solving the problem will require nations to replace gas as the back-up fuel of choice. One answer is for grid operators to push the power system to become better able to absorb peaks and valleys in generation. “The underlying message is that getting a flexible system is now as important as building renewables,” says Michael Grubb at University College London.

121What does the controversial issue in the first paragraph refer to?

AHow rising gas prices will affect power grids.

BWhich countries may face higher energy bills.

CWhat should be included in clean energy strategies.

DWhether carbon cuts are linked to varying power prices.

122What does the underlined word “intermittent” in paragraph 2 probably mean?

AFaulty. BCostly. CUnstable. DInefficient.

123Why is natural gas still needed in high-renewable-energy systems?

AIt helps lower energy costs. BIt can quickly fill gaps in supply.

CIt ensures consistent market prices. DIt is a key driver of energy innovation.

124What might be an ideal combination of power sources?

ASolar and gas. BNuclear and gas. CSolar and wind. DNuclear and wind.

 

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24-25高三下·重庆·阶段练习)In cultures worldwide, toys have been used to teach children about the society they live in. Recent research reveals that giving the wrong toys may have contributed to the downfall of the Norse settlers who came to Greenland from Iceland.

Arriving in 985, the Norse thrived for a few centuries but was forced to abandon Greenland by 1400. In contrast, the Inuit people, arriving around 1000, endured long after the Norse left. This difference has puzzled archaeologists for decades. One idea was that the Norse did not eat more seafood when farming conditions worsened. But studies of Norse teeth show that they did turn to the ocean for food. Archaeologists agree that the Inuits adapted successfully while the Norse did not, but nobody knows why.

To try to answer the question, the researchers looked at as many toys as they could find that had once been played with by the children of either culture. The Norse settlements yielded 72. The Inuit settlements, located in similar environmental conditions, yielded 2,397. The researchers then assigned each toy to one of five categories, including toys of weapons, tools, forms of transport, for social play and for skill play. They also determined approximate times for when the toys were made.

The categorisation process revealed that the Inuit children not only had more toys available to them, but that these toys were more diverse. Most importantly, it was found that the differences in the number and diversity of toys grew dramatically over time.

As the years went by, toys associated with hunting at sea became more common among the Inuit, but the Norse continued to give their children figurines of horses and birds. In essence, say the researchers, the Norse were adapting their lives to their new environment but continuing to gift old-fashioned toys.

Though the lack of toys may indicate that Norse society was less creative from the start, the researchers argue that their tendency to give irrelevant toys intensified any initial lack of creativity and ultimately reduced their chances of survival. In contrast, the Inuits’ preference for diverse and relevant toys paved the way for their children to be more innovative and adaptive. A lesson for parents if ever there was one.

117What did the toy study aim to further investigate?

AThe Norse’s dietary change. BThe Norse’s failure to endure.

CThe Inuits’ fishing advantage. DThe Inuits’ success in farming.

118What was a major advantage that Inuit toys had over Norse toys?

ASafety. BDiversity. CInteractivity. DPortability.

119What lesson can modern parents draw from the study?

AProvide a wide range of play opportunities. BEmphasize toys that promote imagination.

CChoose toys that develop real-world skills. DEncourage cooperative role-playing games.

120Which of the following best reflects the main idea of the text?

ASurvival is a case of child’s play. BSticking to cultural essence is vital.

CInnovation comes naturally over time. DCultural adaptation relies on children.

 

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2025届河北省高考三下学期高考冲刺模拟考试()英语试题)Australia’s best food towns deserve their reputation when it comes to new, innovative and just very tasty flavours to give your tastebuds just as much adventure.Denmark, WA

It might be a small town, but Denmark has its fair share of award-winning restaurants. You’ll find it here whether you’ re looking for bakeries and fresh coffee or fine dining. Start with breakfast at local favourite, Mrs Jones Cafe. Satisfy your taste for craft beer, homegrown wine and satisfying eats at Denmark Brewpub. Or dine on comforting dishes with lake views at The Lake House Denmark cellar door, restaurant and cafe.Broome, WA

This little town has a big reputation for its pearling history, but in recent years it has been doing the most with its food scene, from casual cafes and locally made beer and wine to farmers’ markets and literally the best dinner views of Cable Beach.Castlemaine, Vic

Move over Daylesford, new chefs and restaurateurs have been making their way to the nearby regional town of Castlemaine. Discover from old favourites—— like the classic meals served at Bar Midland and the beloved pizzas of Theatre Royal—— to new inspirations from the Italian and French farmhouse meals being served at A Table Bistro.Torquay, Vic

Just about anything your tastebuds desire can be found—— to a high standard—— in beachside Torquay. Enjoy a local wine at local wineries. Or drink in style at Mr Archer Wine Bar. Get something more hearty into your stomach at casual eateries like Little Things Big Things Cafe, Bob Sugar’s Asian cuisine or the classic Euro-style sandwiches of Mortadeli.

If you want to know more about these best food towns, please click here.

111Where can you enjoy novel dishes from Italy?

AIn Denmark, WA BIn Broome, WA CIn Castlemaine, Vic. DIn Torquay, Vic.

112What do Broome, WA and Torquay, Vic have in common?

AThey are both located near beaches.

BThey are both famous for pearling history.

CThey are both home to award-winning restaurants.

DThey both serve Asian and classic Euro-style food.

113Where is the text probably taken from?

AA textbook. BA newspaper. CA website. DA magazine.

 

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24-25高二下·云南昆明·阶段练习)Jackson and his family have been living in Rosewood, a small town, for years. His community has long suffered from environmental inequality. Large-scale chemical factories have been continuously established in the area. Consequently, many of his neighbors have developed skin allergies and other health problems due to the polluted air and water.

One day, Jackson learned about a plan to construct a huge pesticide factory just in the suburbs of the town. The project was falsely promoted as a boost to the local economy, but in fact, it would produce large amounts of toxic waste and release harmful fumes into the atmosphere, which would be even more dangerous than the existing pollution sources. Jackson knew he had to do something to protect his community.

He set up a group called “Save Our Town (SOT)” with several like-minded classmates. Their goal was to oppose the construction of the pesticide factory. They held public meetings to inform the residents about the potential hazards (危害) and organized signature-collecting campaigns to show the town’s resistance.

When they found out that the local government was considering providing financial support for the factory, the SOT members met with the local officials. They presented scientific reports and real-life examples of the negative impacts of such factories. After a series of negotiations, the local government decided to withdraw its support.

Without the government’s backing, the investors of the pesticide factory lost confidence. Eventually, the plan was shelved. Jackson doesn’t stop there. He and his group are now working on promoting sustainable development in Rosewood, such as introducing more green energy projects and advocating for better waste-management systems. He believes that everyone should be involved in the fight for a clean and healthy environment.

107What led to skin allergies and other health problems in Jackson’s community?

AInadequate health education.

BSevere environmental pollution.

CFrequent food-borne diseases.

DLack of proper medical facilities.

108How did Jackson feel about building the pesticide factory?

AOpposed. BNeutral. COptimistic. DAmbiguous.

109What was the outcome of their campaign?

AThe local government faced a financial crisis.

BJackson’s group was rejected by the authority.

CThe plan to build the factory was abandoned.

DThe investors received significant support.

110Which of the following could be the best title for the text?

AGovernments’ Efforts in Tackling Town Pollution.

BA Young Man’s Pursuit of a Prosperous Town.

CRosewood’s Environmental Protection Policies.

DA Young Hero’s Struggle for Rosewood’s Environment.

 

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24-25高二下·云南昆明·阶段练习)Every human decision brings with it unintended consequences. When Airbus, for example, wanted to make its planes quieter to improve the flying experience for travelers, it made its A380so quiet that passengers could hear what was happening in the plane’s bathrooms. No one ever set out to make bathroom noises more obvious on airplanes. Sometimes we try to fix a problem, only to make things worse. This unintended consequence happens so often that economists call this “Cobra (眼镜蛇) Effect”, after one of the most interesting examples.

The term “Cobra Effect” originated during the time of the British rule of colonial (殖民地的) India. The British government wanted to tackle the worrying number of dangerous cobra snakes in Delhi. Its strategy was to offer a reward for every dead cobra. At first, many rewards were claimed and the number of cobra snakes spotted in Delhi started to decrease. However, the number of dead cobra snakes presented to the government for the reward kept on rising. Why? As it turned out, enterprising people had started breeding cobra snakes to get the reward. The government had to stop offering the reward for dead cobra snakes. As a result, the cobra breeders set the now worthless animals free, increasing the cobra population in Delhi.

Too often in both business and life, we tend to try to solve problems as quickly. We hurriedly install a new policy, offer a shiny motivational way, add just one more step to the production process, cut price to get the deal, or reduce quality to save costs. But these duct-tape solutions rarely stand the test of time. Rushed fixes often backfire, producing a longer route to success rather than a shortcut.

The main way to avoid the Cobra Effect is to keep away from linear thinking — when our thinking proceeds in a sequential manner. Because a straight line between two points is the most efficient way to get from one place to another, linear thinking feels like the most direct way to solve a problem. But it’s often not the right way.

103Why does the author mention Airbus’s A380 in Paragraph 1?

ATo introduce a definition in a humorous way.

BTo share an interesting personal experience.

CTo explain the importance of the Cobra Effect in detail.

DTo present Airbus’s development through a historical example.

104What was the consequence of the British government’s reward policy?

AIt led to the extinction of cobra in India.

BIt improved the local environment at first.

CPeople in India led a much richer life.

DPeople began to feed cobra for profits.

105What does the underlined word “duct-tape” probably refer to in Paragraph 3?

ABased on facts and objectives.

BWithout long-term planning.

CCheap and more eco-friendly.

DBringing continuous benefits.

106What advice does the author try to offer?

AThink twice before acting.

BTwo heads are better than one.

CNo man is born wise or learned.

DWhen in Rome, do as the Romans do.

 

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24-25高二下·云南昆明·阶段练习)When young James completed his chores after school, he would light a kerosene (煤油) lamp to read his books. There was no electricity in James’s hometown, a region in Tanzania, so his family was forced to burn expensive oil for him to learn after dark. Many families in Tanzania rely on kerosene lamps to provide light after dark. These lamps produce dim light and are expensive to fill. They also carry the risk of burns. Parents often send their children to bed, rather than allowing them to use the lamp to read.

But now, James’s company, Soma Bags, is providing a solution, which was inspired by a professor who carried around a solar charger for his phone, sewn (缝制) into a fabric bag. “It gave me the confidence that what I want is going to work,” said James. He started in 2016 by hand-making 80 backpacks per month, sewing a solar panel sourced from China onto each one. The panel was charged during the children’s walk to and from school. By the time they returned home, they would have enough power for a reading light.

A fully charged bag can power a light for 6 to 8 hours, meaning that one day of bright weather can allow for multiple nights of reading, even if cloudy weather arrives. The backpacks are more affordable than using an oil lamp. A solar bag costs between 12,000 and 22,500 Tanzanian shillings, with the reading light included at the same price as 12-22.5 days of using a kerosene lamp. Made from recycled cement bags found on the streets, the backpack material is durable, lightweight, zero waste, and comes at no cost. The backpacks look good, too; in the middle of the bags, the white pattern of a giraffe appears within bright yellow or green stripes.

“It’s innovative,” said Joseph Manirakiza of the UN Development Programme, which has supported Soma Bags since 2023. “I never thought someone would think of turning waste cement bags into something useful.” Soma Bags has been recognized by numerous awards and institutions, including the UNDP and the British government.

99What problem do Tanzanian kids have to face?

AThey are not allowed to study after school.

BThey can’t afford the high price of electricity.

CThey rely on costly and unsafe lamps to study.

DThey have less time to read after doing chores.

100What can we know about James’s backpack from Paragraph 2?

AIt is free for poor pupils.

BIt is powered by sunshine.

CIt was invented by a professor.

DIt is completely made of materials from China.

101What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?

AThe promising prospect of solar backpacks

BThe working principle of James’s backpacks.

CThe widespread application of solar backpacks.

DThe various advantages of James’s backpacks.

102What is the author’s attitude toward Soma Bags?

ACritical. BSkeptical. CAdmiring. DIndifferent.

 

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2025·江西·模拟预测)Beside pencils, sharpeners and calendars in classrooms throughout Minnesota’s Lakeville Area Schools, there are now big blue boxes with a red button and the word “POLICE”. The button sends a text message to emergency dispatchers (调度员), alerts the rest of the school to potential danger, and activates 1,200 pounds of magnetic force to keep the class door shut.

It’s one of the measures that Michael Baumann has employed to harden the schools in his district and protect against active shooters since he became supervisor in 2017. He hired four more advisers to improve mental-health services, established a team to monitor potential threats of violence, and spent $14. 4 million installing the emergency-alert system and building ballistic (弹道的) panels into walls that are designed to stop bullets — all aimed at helping students and teachers survive an active shooter.

Fear of shootings has turned school security into a booming industry. The market for school security equipment and services reached $2.7 billion in 2017, according to a report by the research firm Omdia.

Research shows that the number of deadly shootings at schools has increased since 2012, during a period in which protective measures also expanded.

There also isn’t clear evidence that school resource officers (SROs) improve safety. SROs were on the scene in Uvalde and in Parkland before the gunmen entered the schools, but failed to stop those shootings.

“When we add metal detectors, observation cameras, increased police presence, active-shooter drills, and we turn schools into this mix of fortresses and prisons. It can have some negative impacts,” says Bryan Warnick, an education professor at Ohio State University who has studied school discipline.

Although many school districts invest in security in the hopes of preventing shootings or minimizing casualties, some worry that hardening schools ultimately makes educators responsible for solving the gun violence epidemic. “We ask schools to turn themselves upside down with trainings and new procedures,” Warnick says. It’s a larger societal problem of easy access to firearms, of lack of access to mentalhealth care.

95Why are so many protective measures taken by Michael Baumann in the schools?

ATo prevent active shooters. BTo capture active shooters.

CTo monitor active shooters. DTo help students and teachers survive active shooters.

96What conclusion can we draw from the passage?

AThe investment in school security has increased.

BThe protective measures help a lot.

CThe protective measures aim to catch shooters.

DSchools are responsible for solving the gun violence epidemic.

97What dose Bryan Warnick think about the protective measures taken in the schools?

AThey measures are useless.

BThey measures may affect schools negatively.

CThey measures have turned schools into a mix of fortresses and prisons.

DThey measures only result in the rise of investment in school security.

98Which is the best title of the passage?

AThe Education in Minnesota’s Lakeville Area Schools

BThe Ways to Survive Active Shooters in Minnesota’s Lakeville Area Schools

CThe Protective Measures in Minnesota’s Lakeville Area Schools

DThe Rise of School Security Investment

 

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2025届四川省乐山市高三下学期第三次调查研究考试英语试题(含听力))Many of the world’s best places to visit are beach destinations. What better place is there to chill than at the beach? When you’re on a budget, you can easily plan an inexpensive vacation to a super shoreline.

Oceanside, California

Oceanside was once a less desirable area to visit. But the city has made an effort to invest in tourism. Visitors can stay at The Brick Hotel at less than $250 a night for two people. Low-cost activities include surfing, fishing, riding bikes, and visiting the California Surf Museum.

Martinique

The French island of Martinique faces the calm Caribbean Sea and the more active Atlantic Ocean, with sandy beaches along the southern coast. Served by both major and cheap airlines, this destination’s delicious Creole cuisine and less touristy atmosphere attract numerous visitors. Martinique also boasts highly regarded rum wine, excellent hiking sites and a variety of festivals.

Waikiki, Hawaii

While oceanfront hotels on Waikiki Beach can cost over $400 a night, just a few blocks away, visitors can stay at affordable hotels for less than $150 a night. There are many budget-friendly activities, such as relaxing at the beach, hiking Diamond Head, visiting the Waikiki Marine Life Museum, and biking around town.

Myrtle Beach, South Carolina

With warm temperatures year-round, Myrtle Beach offers tons of outdoor activities, such as golf, fishing, and other water sports. Broadway at the Beach and Barefoot Landing offer free live entertainment, kids’ activities, and fireworks during the summer. Some hotels even offer barbecue facilities. If customers pay in advance online, rates can drop as low as $80 per night.

92What is special for Martinique among the four places?

AHiking. BFood and drinks. CBiking. DBeach views.

93Which place offers fireworks show?

AOceanside. BMartinique. CWaikiki. DMyrtle Beach.

94What is the common feature of the four beaches?

AFlavoured foods. BEconomical budget.

CLuxurious activities. DConvenient transport.

 

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2025届四川省乐山市高三下学期第三次调查研究考试英语试题(含听力))Once flying globally, University of Vermont music professor David Feurzeig is demonstrating how locals can fight climate change and promote community in his “Play Every Town Project”.

Feurzeig once prided himself on attending musical festivals around the world. “For academic musicians,” he notes on his website, “there are motivations to fly, fly, fly. The farther the performance, the more reputation and promotion.”

Then Feurzeig thought about how such carbon-intensive travel contributes to the climate crisis. “Touring needs to change rapidly,” he said, “if we are to maintain a livable world.” That's why the 58- year - old has given up flying globally and instead relies on his solar-powered electric vehicle and public transportation for his current project.

Feurzeig is aiming to perform a free concert in every one of Vermont's 252 cities and towns, all while promoting local and state environmental causes. Starting in May 2022 in the state's largest city of Burlington, the pianist has shared his idea at more than 50 performances. Feurzeig estimates that the project will last until the end of the decade to complete.

The pianist and his stage manager travel to events in most any weather. Consider the one in Warren, just after last July's historic statewide flooding. “On the recording of the concert, you can hear the stream racing by,” he said. “And I've played on the smokiest day in Vermont history, the wettest day in Vermont history, the hottest November day in Vermont history. All these things are becoming worse and more and more frequent.”

So far, the project has raised more than $17,000 in donations for local and state environmental groups. “I want to support local efforts that protect our environment and bring people together. Music can spark change, one town at a time.” he said. Feurzeig's concert journey blends artistic passion with climate action, proving local green concerts echo louder than distant music festivals.

88What motivated Feurzeig to give up flying globally?

AHis concern about carbon footprint.

BHis desire for academic promotion.

CPotential accident risk of long flights.

DConvenience of public transportation.

89What is the main aim of Feurzeig's “Play Every Town Project”?

ATo encourage green transportation.

BTo attract more people to his concerts.

CTo improve local music atmosphere.

DTo promote environmental protection.

90What does Feurzeig's experiences in bad weathers reveal?

AVermont's fight with frequent disasters.

BFeurzeig's dedication to the project.

CThe urgent need to take climate actions.

DThe hardships of holding concerts.

91Which sentence from the text can be a best summary for the text?

AThe farther the performance, the more reputation and promotion.

BCarbon-intensive travel contributes to the climate crisis.

CAll these things are becoming worse and more and more frequent.

DLocal green concerts echo louder than distant music festivals.

 

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